Kerodon

$\Newextarrow{\xRightarrow}{5,5}{0x21D2}$ $\newcommand\empty{}$
$\Newextarrow{\xhookrightarrow}{10,10}{0x21AA}$

9.5.3 The $\infty $-Category of Presentable $\infty $-Categories

Let $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{Acc}}$ denote the $\infty $-category whose objects are accessible $\infty $-categories and whose morphisms are accessible functors (Notation 9.4.7.11).

Construction 9.5.3.1. We define a (non-full) subcategory $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}} \subseteq \operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{Acc}}$ as follows:

  • An accessible $\infty $-category $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\in \operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{Acc}}$ belongs to the subcategory $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}}$ if and only if $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ is is presentable: that is, it admits small colimits.

  • Let $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ and $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ be presentable $\infty $-categories. Then an accessible functor $F: \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ is a morphism in $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}}$ if and only if $F$ preserves small colimits.

Variant 9.5.3.2. We define a (non-full) subcategory $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}} \subseteq \operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{Acc}}$ as follows:

  • An accessible $\infty $-category $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\in \operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{Acc}}$ belongs to the subcategory $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}}$ if and only if it is presentable: that is, it admits small limits.

  • Let $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ and $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ be presentable $\infty $-categories. Then an accessible functor $F: \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ is a morphism in $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}}$ if and only if $F$ preserves small limits.

Warning 9.5.3.3. Let $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ and $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ be presentable $\infty $-categories. Every cocontinuous functor $F: \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ is automatically accessible, and can therefore be regarded as a morphism in the $\infty $-category $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}}$. However, a continuous functor $F: \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ need not be accessible (see Warning 9.5.1.10), and therefore need not be a morphism in $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}}$.

Remark 9.5.3.4. The notation of Construction 9.5.3.1 and Variant 9.5.3.2 is motivated by the adjoint functor theorem (Theorem 9.5.2.1): if $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ and $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ are presentable $\infty $-categories, morphisms from $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ to $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ in the $\infty $-category $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}}$ are functors $F: \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ which are left adjoints, and morphisms from $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ to $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ in the $\infty $-category $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}}$ are functors $F: \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ which are right adjoints.

It follows from Proposition 8.6.8.22 that the $\infty $-categories $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}}$ and $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}}$ are anti-equivalent (that is, each is equivalent to the opposite of the other). To formulate a more precise statement, it will be convenient to introduce some terminology.

Definition 9.5.3.5 (Presentable Fibrations). Let $U: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ be a morphism of simplicial sets. We will say that $U$ is a presentable fibration if it satisfies the following conditions:

$(a)$

The morphism $U$ is a locally cocartesian fibration of simplicial sets.

$(b)$

For each vertex $C \in \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$, the fiber $\operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C} = \{ C\} \times _{\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}} \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}$ is a presentable $\infty $-category.

$(c)$

For every edge $e: C \rightarrow C'$ of $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$, the covariant transport functor $e_{!}: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C} \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C'}$ is cocontinuous.

Remark 9.5.3.6. Let $U: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ be a presentable fibration of simplicial sets (in the sense of Definition 9.5.3.5). Then $U$ is an edgewise accessible inner fibration (in the sense of Definition 9.4.8.16). See Corollary 9.4.8.29.

Proposition 9.5.3.7. Let $U: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ be a morphism of simplicial sets. Assume that, for each vertex $C \in \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$, the fiber $\operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C} = \{ C\} \times _{\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}} \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}$ is a presentable $\infty $-category. The following conditions are equivalent:

$(1)$

The morphism $U: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ is a presentable fibration (Definition 9.5.3.5). That is, it is a locally cocartesian fibration having the property that, for each edge $e: C \rightarrow C'$ of $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$, the covariant transport functor $e_{!}: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C} \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C'}$ is cocontinuous.

$(2)$

The morphism $U: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ is a locally cartesian fibration. Moreover, for each edge $e: C \rightarrow C'$ of $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$, the contravariant transport functor $e^{\ast }: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C'} \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C}$ is accessible and continuous.

Proof. Using Theorem 9.5.2.1, we obtain the following reformulations of conditions $(1)$ and $(2)$:

$(1')$

The morphism $U: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ is a locally cocartesian fibration. Moreover, for each edge $e: C \rightarrow C'$ of $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$, the covariant transport functor $e_{!}: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C} \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C'}$ admits a right adjoint.

$(2')$

The morphism $U: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ is a locally cartesian fibration. Moreover, for each edge $e: C \rightarrow C'$ of $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$, the contravariant transport functor $e^{\ast }: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C'} \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}_{C}$ admits a left adjoint.

The equivalence of $(1')$ and $(2')$ is a special case of Corollary 6.2.5.5. $\square$

Corollary 9.5.3.8. Let $U: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ be a morphism of simplicial sets. The following conditions are equivalent:

$(1)$

The morphism $U$ is a presentable cocartesian fibration.

$(2)$

The morphism $U$ is a cocartesian fibration and the covariant transport representation of $U$ takes values in the subcategory $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}} \subseteq \operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{Acc}}$ of Construction 9.5.3.1.

$(3)$

The morphism $U$ is a presentable cartesian fibration.

$(4)$

The morphism $U$ is a cartesian fibration and the contravariant transport representation of $U$ factors through the subcategory $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}} \subseteq \operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{Acc}}$ of Variant 9.5.3.2.

Proof. The equivalence $(1) \Leftrightarrow (2)$ follows immediately from the definition of presentable fibration and the equivalence $(3) \Leftrightarrow (4)$ follows from the reformulation provided by Proposition 9.5.3.7. Since every presentable fibration is both locally cartesian and locally cocartesian (Proposition 9.5.3.7), the equivalence $(1) \Leftrightarrow (3)$ is a special case of Proposition 6.2.5.7. $\square$

Corollary 9.5.3.9. There is an equivalence of $\infty $-categories

\[ \Psi : (\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}} )^{\operatorname{op}} \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}}, \]

which is characterized up to isomorphism by the following requirement:

  • Let $U: \operatorname{\mathcal{E}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ be a presentable cocartesian fibration with covariant transport representation $\operatorname{Tr}_{\operatorname{\mathcal{E}}/\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}}: \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}}$. Then the composition

    \[ \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}^{\operatorname{op}} \xrightarrow { \operatorname{Tr}_{\operatorname{\mathcal{E}}/\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}}^{\operatorname{op}} } ( \operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}} )^{\operatorname{op}} \xrightarrow {\Psi } \operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}} \]

    is a contravariant transport representation of $U$ (regarded as a cartesian fibration).

Remark 9.5.3.10. The equivalence $\Psi : (\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}} )^{\operatorname{op}} \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}}$ of Corollary 9.5.3.9 can be described more informally as follows:

  • It carries each presentable $\infty $-category $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ (regarded as an object of $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}}$) to itself (regarded as an object of $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}}$).

  • It carries each cocontinuous functor $F: \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ (regarded as a morphism in $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{LPr}}$) to its right adjoint $G: \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ (regarded as a morphism in $\operatorname{\mathcal{QC}}^{\operatorname{RPr}}$).

More precisely, this description characterizes the equivalence of homotopy categories induced by the functor $\Psi $ (see Remark 8.6.8.20).