# Kerodon

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Proposition 1.4.4.14. Let $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ be a category, let $S$ be a collection of morphisms in $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$, and let $T$ be the collection of all morphisms of $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ which have the left lifting property with respect to $S$. Then $T$ is closed under transfinite composition.

Proof. Let $\alpha$ be an ordinal and suppose we are given a functor $\mathrm{Ord}_{\leq \alpha } \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$, given by a pair

$( \{ C_{\beta } \} _{\beta \leq \alpha }, \{ f_{\gamma ,\beta } \} _{\beta \leq \gamma \leq \alpha } )$

which satisfies condition $(a)$ of Definition 1.4.4.10. Assume that each of the morphisms $f_{\beta +1,\beta }$ belongs to $T$. We wish to show that the morphism $f_{\alpha ,0}$ also belongs to $T$. For this, we must show that every lifting problem $\sigma :$

$\xymatrix@C =40pt@R=40pt{ C_0 \ar [d]_{ f_{\alpha ,0} } \ar [r]^{u} & X \ar [d]^{p} \\ C_{\alpha } \ar@ {-->}[ur] \ar [r]^{v} & Y }$

admits a solution, provided that $p$ belongs to $S$. We construct a collection of morphisms $\{ u_{\beta }: C_{\beta } \rightarrow X \} _{\beta \leq \alpha }$, satisfying the requirements $p \circ u_{\beta } = v \circ f_{\alpha ,\beta }$ and $u_{\beta } = u_{\gamma } \circ f_{\gamma ,\beta }$ for $\beta \leq \gamma$, using transfinite recursion. Fix an ordinal $\gamma \leq \alpha$, and assume that the morphisms $\{ u_{\beta } \} _{ \beta < \gamma }$ have been constructed. We consider three cases:

• If $\gamma = 0$, we set $u_{\gamma } = u$.

• If $\gamma$ is a nonzero limit ordinal, then our hypothesis that $C_{\gamma }$ is the colimit of the diagram $\{ C_{\beta } \} _{\beta < \gamma }$ guarantees that there is a unique morphism $u_{\gamma }: C_{\gamma } \rightarrow X$ satisfying $u_{\beta } = u_{\gamma } \circ f_{\gamma ,\beta }$ for $\beta < \gamma$. Moreover, our assumption that the equality $p \circ u_{\beta } = v \circ f_{\alpha ,\beta }$ holds for $\beta < \gamma$ guarantees that it also holds for $\beta = \gamma$.

• Suppose that $\gamma = \beta +1$ is a successor ordinal. In this case, we take $u_{\gamma }$ to be any solution to the lifting problem

$\xymatrix@C =70pt@R=70pt{ C_{\beta } \ar [d]_{ f_{\beta +1,\beta } } \ar [r]^{u_{\beta }} & X \ar [d]^{p} \\ C_{\beta +1} \ar@ {-->}[ur] \ar [r]^{v \circ f_{\alpha , \beta +1}} & Y, }$

which exists by virtue of our assumption that $f_{\beta +1,\beta }$ belongs to $T$.

We now complete the proof by observing that $u_{\alpha }$ is a solution to the lifting problem $\sigma$. $\square$