# Kerodon

$\Newextarrow{\xRightarrow}{5,5}{0x21D2}$

### 4.1.3 Inner Anodyne Morphisms

By definition, a morphism of simplicial sets $q: X \rightarrow S$ is an inner fibration if it has the right lifting property with respect to every inner horn inclusion $\Lambda ^{n}_{i} \hookrightarrow \Delta ^ n$. From this, one can immediately deduce a stronger lifting property.

Proposition 4.1.3.1. Let $q: X \rightarrow S$ be a morphism of simplicial sets. Then $q$ is an inner fibration if and only if it satisfies the following condition:

$(\ast )$

For every square diagram of simplicial sets

$\xymatrix@R =50pt@C=50pt{ A \ar [d]^{i} \ar [r] & X \ar [d]^{q} \\ B \ar [r] \ar@ {-->}[ur] & S }$

where $i$ is inner anodyne, there exists a dotted arrow rendering the diagram commutative.

Proof. The “if” direction is immediate from the definition, since the horn inclusion $\Lambda ^{n}_{i} \hookrightarrow \Delta ^ n$ is inner anodyne for $0 < i < n$. The reverse implication follows from Proposition 1.4.4.16. $\square$

Proposition 4.1.3.2. Let $f: X_{} \rightarrow Y_{}$ be a morphism of simplicial sets. Then $f$ can be factored as a composition $X_{} \xrightarrow {f'} Q_{}(f) \xrightarrow {f''} Y_{}$, where $f''$ is an inner fibration and $f'$ is inner anodyne. Moreover, the simplicial set $Q_{}(f)$ (and the morphisms $f'$ and $f''$) can be chosen to depend functorially on $f$, in such a way that the functor

$\operatorname{Fun}( [1], \operatorname{Set_{\Delta }}) \rightarrow \operatorname{Set_{\Delta }}\quad \quad (f: X_{} \rightarrow Y_{} ) \rightarrow Q_{}(f)$

commutes with filtered colimits.

Proof. We proceed as in the proof of Proposition 3.1.6.1. We construct a sequence of simplicial sets $\{ X(m)_{} \} _{m \geq 0}$ and morphisms $f(m): X(m)_{} \rightarrow Y_{}$ by recursion. Set $X(0)_{} = X_{}$ and $f(0) = f$. Assuming that $f(m): X(m)_{} \rightarrow Y_{}$ has been defined, let $S(m)$ denote the set of all commutative diagrams $\sigma :$

$\xymatrix@R =50pt@C=50pt{ \Lambda ^ n_ i \ar [r] \ar [d] & X(m)_{} \ar [d]^{f(m)} \\ \Delta ^ n \ar [r]^-{u_{\sigma }} & Y_{}, }$

where $0 < i < n$ and the left vertical map is the inclusion. For every such commutative diagram $\sigma$, let $C_{\sigma } = \Lambda ^ n_{i}$ denote the upper left hand corner of the diagram $\sigma$, and $D_{\sigma } = \Delta ^ n$ the lower left hand corner. Form a pushout diagram

$\xymatrix@R =50pt@C=50pt{ \coprod _{\sigma \in S(m)} C_{\sigma } \ar [r] \ar [d] & X(m)_{} \ar [d] \\ \coprod _{\sigma \in S(m)} D_{\sigma } \ar [r] & X(m+1)_{} }$

and let $f(m+1): X(m+1)_{} \rightarrow Y_{}$ be the unique map whose restriction to $X(m)_{}$ is equal to $f(m)$ and whose restriction to each $D_{\sigma }$ is equal to $u_{\sigma }$. By construction, we have a direct system of inner anodyne morphisms

$X_{} = X(0)_{} \hookrightarrow X(1)_{} \hookrightarrow X(2)_{} \hookrightarrow \cdots$

Set $Q_{}(f) = \varinjlim _{m} X(m)_{}$. Then the natural map $f': X_{} \rightarrow Q_{}(f)$ is inner anodyne (since the collection of inner anodyne maps is closed under transfinite composition), and the system of morphisms $\{ f(m) \} _{m \geq 0}$ can be amalgamated to a single map $f'': Q_{}(f) \rightarrow Y_{}$ satisfying $f = f'' \circ f'$. It is clear from the definition that the construction $f \mapsto Q_{}(f)$ is functorial and commutes with filtered colimits. To complete the proof, it will suffice to show that $f''$ is a inner fibration: that is, that every lifting problem $\sigma :$

$\xymatrix@R =50pt@C=50pt{ \Lambda ^{n}_{i} \ar [r]^-{v} \ar [d] & Q_{}(f) \ar [d]^{f''} \\ \Delta ^ n \ar [r] \ar@ {-->}[ur] & Y_{} }$

admits a solution (provided that $0 < i < n$). Let us abuse notation by identifying each $X(m)_{}$ with its image in $Q_{}(f)$. Since $\Lambda ^{n}_{i}$ is a finite simplicial set, its image under $v$ is contained in $X(m)_{}$ for some $m \gg 0$. In this case, we can identify $\sigma$ with an element of the set $S(m)$, so that the lifting problem

$\xymatrix@R =50pt@C=50pt{ \Lambda ^{n}_{i} \ar [r]^-{v} \ar [d] & X(m+1)_{} \ar [d]^{f(m+1)} \\ \Delta ^ n \ar [r] \ar@ {-->}[ur] & Y_{} }$

admits a solution by construction. $\square$

Applying Proposition 4.1.3.2 in the special case $Y = \Delta ^0$, we obtain the following:

Corollary 4.1.3.3. Let $X$ be a simplicial set. Then there exists an inner anodyne morphism $f: X \rightarrow Q(X)$, where $Q(X)$ is an $\infty$-category. Moreover, the $\infty$-category $Q(X)$ (and the morphism $f$) can be chosen to depend functorially on $X$, in such a way that the functor $X \mapsto Q(X)$ commutes with filtered colimits.

Using Proposition 4.1.3.2, we obtain the following counterpart of Proposition 4.1.3.1:

Corollary 4.1.3.4. Let $i: A \rightarrow B$ be a morphism of simplicial sets. Then $i$ is inner anodyne if and only if it satisfies the following condition:

$(\ast )$

For every square diagram of simplicial sets

$\xymatrix@R =50pt@C=50pt{ A \ar [d]^{i} \ar [r] & X \ar [d]^{q} \\ B \ar [r] \ar@ {-->}[ur] & S }$

where $q$ is an inner fibration, there exists a dotted arrow rendering the diagram commutative.

Proof. The “if” direction follows from Proposition 4.1.3.1. For the converse, suppose that condition $(\ast )$ is satisfied. Using Proposition 4.1.3.2, we can factor $i$ as a composition $A \xrightarrow {i'} Q \xrightarrow {q} B$, where $i'$ is inner anodyne and $q$ is an inner fibration. If the lifting problem

$\xymatrix@R =50pt@C=50pt{ A \ar [d]^{i} \ar [r]^-{i'} & Q \ar [d]^{q} \\ B \ar [r]^-{\operatorname{id}} \ar@ {-->}[ur]^{r} & B }$

admits a solution, then the morphism $r$ exhibits $i$ as a retract of $i'$ (in the arrow category $\operatorname{Fun}( [1], \operatorname{Set_{\Delta }})$). Since the collection of inner anodyne morphisms is closed under retracts, it follows that $i$ is inner anodyne. $\square$