# Kerodon

$\Newextarrow{\xRightarrow}{5,5}{0x21D2}$ $\newcommand\empty{}$

Proposition 5.4.6.12 (Existence). Let $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ be an $\infty$-category. Then there exists an equivalence of $\infty$-categories $F: \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$, where $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ is minimal.

Proof of Proposition 5.4.6.12. Let $\sigma , \sigma ': \Delta ^ n \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ be $n$-simplices of $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$. We write $\sigma \sim \sigma '$ if there exists an isomorphism $\sigma \rightarrow \sigma '$ in the $\infty$-category $\operatorname{Fun}( \Delta ^ n, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$ whose image in $\operatorname{Fun}( \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^ n, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$ is an identity morphism. Note that, if this condition is satisfied, then we must have $\sigma |_{ \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^ n } = \sigma ' |_{ \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^ n }$. In particular, if $\sigma$ and $\sigma '$ are both degenerate, we must have $\sigma = \sigma '$. Let $R(n)$ denote a collection of $n$-simplices of $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ which contains all degenerate $n$-simplices, and contains exactly one element of every $\sim$-class. We let $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\subseteq \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ denote the simplicial subset consisting of all simplices $\tau : \Delta ^{m} \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ having the property that, for every morphism of linearly ordered sets $\alpha : [n] \rightarrow [m]$, the $n$-simplex $\Delta ^{n} \rightarrow \Delta ^{m} \xrightarrow { \tau } \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ belongs to $R(n)$ (by construction, it suffices to check this in the case where $\alpha$ is injective). To complete the proof, it will suffice to establish the following:

$(1)$

The simplicial set $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ is an $\infty$-category.

$(2)$

The $\infty$-category $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ is minimal.

$(3)$

The inclusion map $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\hookrightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ is an equivalence of $\infty$-categories.

We begin by proving $(1)$. Suppose we are given integers $0 < i < n$ and a morphism of simplicial sets $\sigma _0: \Lambda ^{n}_{i} \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$; we wish to show that $\sigma _0$ can be extended to an $n$-simplex $\sigma$ of $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$. Since $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ is an $\infty$-category, we can extend $\sigma _0$ to an $n$-simplex $\sigma '': \Delta ^ n \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$. Let $\overline{\sigma }'' = d_ i( \sigma '' )$ denote the $i$th face of $\sigma ''$. Then there is a unique element $\overline{\sigma }' \in R(n-1)$ satisfying $\overline{\sigma }' \sim \overline{\sigma }''$. Choose an isomorphism $\overline{\alpha }: \overline{\sigma }' \rightarrow \overline{\sigma }''$ in the $\infty$-category $\operatorname{Fun}( \Delta ^{n-1}, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$ whose image in $\operatorname{Fun}( \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^{n-1}, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$ is an identity morphism. Then $\overline{\alpha }$ can be lifted uniquely to an isomorphism $\widetilde{\alpha }: \widetilde{\sigma }' \rightarrow \sigma ''|_{ \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^{n} }$ in the $\infty$-category $\operatorname{Fun}( \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^{n}, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$ whose image in $\operatorname{Fun}( \Lambda ^{n}_{i}, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$ is an identity morphism. Applying Proposition 4.4.5.8, we can lift $\widetilde{\alpha }$ to an isomorphism $\alpha : \sigma ' \rightarrow \sigma ''$ in the $\infty$-category $\operatorname{Fun}( \Delta ^{n}, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$. By construction, the restriction $\sigma '|_{ \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^{n} }$ factors through $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$. Let $\sigma$ be the unique $n$-simplex of $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ which belongs to $R(n)$ and satisfies $\sigma \sim \sigma '$. Then $\sigma$ is an $n$-simplex of $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ satisfying $\sigma |_{ \Lambda ^{n}_{i} } = \sigma '|_{ \Lambda ^{n}_{i} } = \sigma ''|_{ \Lambda ^ n_{i} } = \sigma _0$. This completes the proof of $(1)$.

We now prove $(2)$. Let $\sigma$ and $\sigma '$ be $n$-simplices of $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$, and suppose that there exists an isomorphism $\sigma \rightarrow \sigma '$ in $\operatorname{Fun}( \Delta ^{n}, \operatorname{\mathcal{C}})$ whose image in $\operatorname{Fun}( \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^{n}, \operatorname{\mathcal{C}})$ is an identity morphism. It follows that, when regarded as $n$-simplices of $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$, we have $\sigma \sim \sigma '$. Since $\sigma$ and $\sigma '$ both belong to $R(n)$, we conclude that $\sigma = \sigma '$.

To prove $(3)$, we will show that $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ is a deformation retract of $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$; that is, there exists a functor $H: \Delta ^{1} \times \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ satisfying the following conditions:

$(i)$

The restriction $H|_{ \{ 0\} \times \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}}$ is the identity functor $\operatorname{id}_{ \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}}$.

$(ii)$

The restriction $H|_{ \{ 1\} \times \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}}$ factors through $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$.

$(iii)$

The restriction $H|_{ \Delta ^{1} \times \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}}$ coincides with the projection map

$\Delta ^1 \times \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\subseteq \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}.$
$(iv)$

For each object $D \in \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$, the restriction $H|_{ \Delta ^1 \times \{ D\} }$ is an isomorphism in $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$.

Note that these conditions guarantee that the functor $H|_{ \{ 1\} \times \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}}: \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}\rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ is a homotopy inverse to the inclusion map $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}\hookrightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$.

Let $Q$ denote the set of pairs $(S, H_{S} )$, where $S \subseteq \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ is a simplicial subset which contains $\operatorname{\mathcal{C}}$ and $H_{S}: \Delta ^{1} \times S \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ is a morphism of simplicial sets which satisfies the analogues of conditions $(i)$ through $(iv)$. We regard $Q$ as a partially ordered set, where $(S, H_ S) \leq (S', H_{S'} )$ if $S \subseteq S'$ and $H_{S} = H_{S'} |_{ \Delta ^1 \times S}$. This partially ordered set satisfies the hypotheses of Zorn's lemma, and therefore contains a maximal element $(S_{\mathrm{max}}, H_{\mathrm{max}} )$. To complete the proof, it will suffice to show that $S_{\mathrm{max}} = \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$. Assume otherwise. Then there is some $n$-simplex $\tau : \Delta ^{n} \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ which is not contained in $S_{\mathrm{max}}$. Choose $n$ as small as possible, so that $\tau _0 = \tau |_{ \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^{n} }$ factors through $S_{\mathrm{max}}$. Then the composite map

$\Delta ^1 \times \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^{n} \xrightarrow { \operatorname{id}\times \tau _0 } \Delta ^1 \times S_{\mathrm{max}} \xrightarrow { H_{\mathrm{max}} } \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$

can be viewed as an isomorphism $\alpha _0: \tau _0 \rightarrow \tau '_0$ in the $\infty$-category $\operatorname{Fun}( \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^{n}, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$, where $\tau '_0$ belongs to $\operatorname{Fun}( \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^{n}, \operatorname{\mathcal{C}})$. Using Proposition 4.4.5.8, we can lift $\alpha _0$ to an isomorphism $\tau \rightarrow \tau '$ in the $\infty$-category $\operatorname{Fun}( \Delta ^{n}, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$. Let $\tau ''$ be the unique $n$-simplex of $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ which belongs to $R(n)$ and satisfies $\tau ' \sim \tau ''$. Then there exists an isomorphism $\beta : \tau ' \rightarrow \tau ''$ in the $\infty$-category $\operatorname{Fun}( \Delta ^{n}, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$ whose image in $\operatorname{Fun}( \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^{n}, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$ is an identity morphism. Using Theorem 1.4.6.1, we can lift the degenerate $2$-simplex

$\xymatrix@R =50pt@C=50pt{ & \tau '_0 \ar [dr]^{\operatorname{id}} & \\ \tau _0 \ar [ur]^{\alpha _0} \ar [rr]^{\alpha _0} & & \tau '_0 }$

of $\operatorname{Fun}( \operatorname{\partial \Delta }^{n}, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$ to a $2$-simplex

$\xymatrix@R =50pt@C=50pt{ & \tau ' \ar [dr]^{\beta } & \\ \tau \ar [ur]^{\alpha } \ar [rr]^{ \gamma } & & \tau '' }$

in the $\infty$-category $\operatorname{Fun}( \Delta ^{n}, \operatorname{\mathcal{D}})$. Let $S$ denote the simplicial subset of $\operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ given by the union of $S_{\mathrm{max}}$ with the image of $\tau$. Then $H_{\mathrm{max}}$ extends uniquely to a morphism $H_{S}: \Delta ^1 \times S \rightarrow \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$ for which the composite map

$\Delta ^1 \times \Delta ^{n} \xrightarrow { \operatorname{id}\times \tau } \Delta ^1 \times S \xrightarrow {H_{S}} \operatorname{\mathcal{D}}$

coincides with $\gamma$. By construction, the pair $(S, H_{S} )$ is an element of $Q$ satisfying $(S, H_ S) > ( S_{\mathrm{max}}, H_{ \mathrm{max}} )$, contradicting the maximality of $( S_{\mathrm{max}}, H_{ \mathrm{max}} )$. $\square$